PMC

Comparison between 3D reconstructed trajectories and 2D top and front views. Group values of average speed, average peak speed, average angular speed, average peak angular speed, wall following, and average distance from the stimulus depending on the scoring method: “3D” represents the 3D reconstructed data, “2D top” represents 2D data acquired from the top camera, and “2D front” represents 2D data acquired from the front camera. Data were analyzed through repeated measures ANOVA for split-plot designs with condition as between-subject factor and scoring method as within-subject factor. Post-hoc comparisons were performed using Tukey’s HSD with a significance level of 0.05: * Identifies significant differences in comparisons with 3D measurements and $ identifies significant differences with 2D top views. Data are expressed as mean + standard errors. (a) Average speed values varied with the scoring method (n = 90; F_2,168 = 247.434, p < 0.001): 3D view yielded higher values compared to 2D top and front views; furthermore, 2D top view values were higher than 2D front view values. (b) Average peak speed values varied with the scoring method (n = 90; F_2,168 = 26.118, p < 0.001): 3D view yielded higher values compared to 2D top and front views; furthermore, 2D top view values were higher than 2D front view values. (c) Average angular speed values varied with the scoring method (n = 90; F_2,168 = 51.905, p < 0.001): 3D view yielded higher values compared to 2D top and front views. (d) Average peak angular speed values varied with the scoring method (n = 90; F_2,168 = 44.160, p < 0.001): 2D front view yielded higher values compared to 3D and 2D top views. (e) Values of average distance from the stimulus varied with the scoring method (n = 80; F_2,150 = 127.409, p < 0.001): 3D view yielded higher values compared to 2D top and front views. (f) Time spent following the walls of the tank varied with the scoring method (n = 90; F_2,168 = 71.531, p < 0.001): 3D view yielded higher values compared to 2D top and front views; furthermore, 2D top view values were higher than 2D front view values.

(A) MSU-101 colonies on PDA front and back view. (B) MSU-201 colonies on PDA front and back view. (C) MSU-401 colonies on PDA front and back view. (D) MSU-501 colonies on PDA front and back view.

Examination of the localization of GFP-tagged NH₂-terminal truncated NBCe1A in polarized MDCK cells. Polarized MDCK cells were transiently transfected with expression vectors coding for various epitope-tagged NBCe1A NH₂-terminal deletion mutants. The targeting of mutant proteins and their colocalization with phalloidin-tetramethylrhodamine was used to assess their plasma membrane localization using confocal microscopy. A: Z-stack (top; front view) and Z-line (bottom, side view) image analysis of transiently expressed wild-type GFP-NBCe1A (green) and phalloidin-tetramethylrhodamine (red). B: Z-stack (top, front view) and Z-line (bottom, side view) image analysis of transiently expressed GFP-NBCe1A mutant ND41 (green) and phalloidin-tetramethylrhodamine (red). C: Z-stack (top, front view) and Z-line (bottom, side view) image analysis of transiently expressed GFP-NBCe1A mutant ND375 (green) and phalloidin-tetramethylrhodamine (red). D: Z-stack (top, front view) and Z-line (bottom, side view) image analysis of transiently expressed GFP-NBCe1A mutant ND395 (green) and phalloidin-tetramethylrhodamine (red). E: Z-stack (top, front view) and Z-line (bottom, side view) image analysis of transiently expressed GFP-NBCe1A mutant ND398 (green) and phalloidin-tetramethylrhodamine (red). F: Z-stack (top, front view) and Z-line (bottom, side view) image analysis of transiently expressed GFP-NBCe1A mutant ND406 (green) and phalloidin-tetramethylrhodamine (red). G: Z-stack (top, front view) and Z-line (bottom, side view) image analysis of transiently expressed GFP-NBCe1A mutant ND424 (green) and phalloidin-tetramethylrhodamine (red). All scale bars represent a 5 μm expanse.

Ammonoid members and in situ anaptychi of the Lower Carnian (Upper Triassic) Polzberg palaeobiota. (A) A. minor, positive, lateral view, adult specimen with black Anaptychus lunzenis in front of aperture, NHMW 2021/0123/0141; (B) A. minor, lateral view, adult with black A. lunzenis in front of aperture, NHMW 2021/0123/0142; (C) A. minor, partly preserved positive, lateral view, adult with black A. lunzenis in anterior part of body chamber, NHMW 2021/0123/0143; (D) P. haberfellneri, lateral view, adult with black A. lunzenis in front of body chamber, NHMW 2021/0123/0144; (E) A. minor, positive, lateral view, juvenile with black A. lunzenis in front of body chamber, NHMW 2021/0123/0145; (F) A. minor, positive, lateral view, juvenile with black A. lunzenis in front of body chamber, NHMW 2021/0123/0146; (G) A. minor, positive, lateral view, juvenile with black A. lunzenis in front of body chamber, NHMW 2021/0123/0147; (H) A. minor, positive, lateral view, juvenile with black A. lunzenis in front of body chamber, NHMW 2021/0123/0148; (I) A. lunzensis, lower jaw, positive, lateral view, isolated specimen, NHMW 2021/0123/0149; (J) A. lunzensis, lower jaw, positive, lateral view, isolated specimen, NHMW 2021/0123/0150; (K) upper jaw, positive, lateral view, isolated specimen, NHMW 2021/0123/0151; (L) upper jaw, positive, lateral view, isolated specimen, NHMW 2021/0123/0152. Scale bars: (A–H) 10 mm, (I–L) scale bar: 1000 μm. Prepared by AL using CorelDRAW X7; www.coreldraw.com.